Countries and scale

World Population by Country

The world population is highly concentrated. A small number of countries account for a very large share of all people alive today.

India and China each have more than 1.4 billion people.

The next largest countries include the United States, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria and Brazil.

Largest countries by population

CountryApproximate populationWhy it matters
India~1.43 billionLargest national population and still demographically young in many regions.
China~1.41 billionVery large population with rapid aging and low fertility.
United States~340 millionLargest high-income country by population.
Indonesia~280 millionLargest country in Southeast Asia and largest Muslim-majority population.
Pakistan~240 millionLarge and young population with continued growth.
Nigeria~220 millionAfrica's largest population and a major driver of future growth.

Why country rankings change

Population values depend on censuses, civil registration, migration, births and deaths. Between official counts, values are projected. Rankings are useful, but they do not show density, income, age structure or living conditions by themselves.

How to use country values

Rounded numbers are often better for education and media than fake precision. They show scale without pretending that every birth, death and migration event is known instantly.

Related topics

FAQ

Which country has the most people?

India is generally estimated to be ahead of China.

Are country numbers official live counts?

No. They are rounded estimates or projections between official measurements.